![]() Cognitive distractions, visual distractions, and manual distractions comprise a widely used classification method. ![]() These distractions impair driving performance, and numerous studies have been conducted to categorize driving distractions. However, in addition to using mobile phones, various secondary tasks can cause distracted driving, which cannot be completely avoided by merely applying laws. Use of mobile phones as a high-risk distraction task, has also been restricted in China since 2013 while driving, drivers are not allowed to hold a phone and only use Bluetooth or headsets to make calls. ĭangerous driving behaviors, including drunk driving and drowsy driving, have been prohibited by transportation laws and regulations in many countries. In the United States, distracted driving caused 3,477 deaths in 2015, 14.5% of which were attributed to unstable lateral vehicle control. Driving distractions reduce the lane-keeping performance of drivers, potentially leading to serious traffic crashes. These secondary tasks include cognitive tasks (e.g., conversation and texting) and visual tasks (e.g., attending to surrounding vehicles and billboards). These results can contribute to the design of advanced driving-assistance systems and improve professional driver programs, potentially reducing the frequency of traffic accidents caused by distracted driving.ĭistracted driving due to secondary tasks is the main cause of traffic accidents. For low-perceived-risk tasks, visual distractions impaired driving safety more seriously, compared with cognitive distractions, suggesting that drivers misjudge the risks associated with visual tasks. Compared with cognitive distraction, lane deviation increased significantly with visual distraction, and lane-keeping performance was seriously impaired. Lane deviation and its growth rate increased with the duration of distraction. In the visual distraction experiment, more than 50% of the distractions required 1–2 s. ANOVA results indicated that compared with baseline (no task) lateral performance, lane-keeping ability was enhanced during cognitive distractions. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the effects of low-perceived-risk tasks on lateral driving performance. A total of 17 experienced non-professional drivers were recruited to participate in two secondary tasks: a cognitive experiment (conversation) and a visual distraction experiment (observation of following vehicles), each representing low-perceived-risk secondary tasks. It is influenced by driver attitude toward secondary tasks however, field-based studies on the effects of low-perceived-risk tasks on lateral driving have rarely been reported. Distracted driving is a leading cause of traffic accidents.
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